Further, because it is an indirect measure of sleep, actigraphy has less resolution and precision than PSG-limiting it to binary sleep and wake classifications only, as opposed to individual sleep stages. This results in the overestimation of sleep and underestimation of wake, versus PSG. Actigraphy performs best when wrist movements during wake are robust, although people do not always make robust movements during awakenings and such times are likely to be misclassified as sleep. However, there are many limitations of actigraphy compared with PSG. Actigraphy was an important advance in the sleep field because it expanded the capability of objective sleep assessment into home and field environments, and it allows continuous recording over multiple weeks. These devices are portable, relatively easy to set up, have long battery life, and are less expensive and obtrusive than PSG. Actigraphy utilizes a research-grade wrist-worn device to collect physical activity data that are later processed with algorithms to estimate sleep and wake. Moreover, PSG recording procedures and equipment require controlled settings, are cumbersome, and can be disruptive to sleep itself.Īctigraphy, on the other hand, overcomes many of these barriers. These include its relatively high cost, the specialized training, and the time burden required to conduct and interpret studies. However, PSG is not practical outside the laboratory or clinic due to a number of factors. Aside from the measurement and diagnosis of sleep disorders, PSG is also used to determine sleep and wake states as well as individual sleep stages based on standard criteria. In the objective measurement of sleep, polysomnography (PSG) provides the most direct assessment and thus has remained the gold-standard technique in research laboratories and sleep medicine clinics for over half a century. Therefore, how sleep is defined and measured is important, because understanding the role of sleep in critical areas of health and behavior relies on the precision of the sleep metrics obtained. Sleep plays an integral role in our physical and mental health and for achieving high levels of alertness and performance, thereby impacting everyday functioning.
The current findings demonstrate promise for many newer devices to serve as valid sleep-tracking alternatives to actigraphy, however, further performance testing is needed. In this study, we rigorously tested the sleep-tracking claims of seven devices against the gold-standard, polysomnography, and found most performed as well or better than the mobile sleep assessment standard, actigraphy, on key performance metrics. If validated, such devices could be used to help maintain or improve sleep health and potentially be important tools in research and clinical practice. Previous studies found that device performance is quite variable, although sleep-tracking in some recent devices has improved. Representing a fast-growing trend, hundreds of millions of people now use consumer devices to track sleep and other biometric data.
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